Perspective Article Open Access

A Conceptual and Semantic Framework of the Startup: A Systematic Review of the Literature and a Qualitative Synthesis

Abstract

This this article aims to analyze the conceptual and semantic framework of the notion of a startup. The results of our study come from a lexical and thematic processing of more than 274 definitions from scientific articles. It appears that English-speaking authors share the definition by which the startup is an embryonic phase aiming to research and validate the business model. In contrast, in French-speaking research, the startup is a young innovative and technological company. Moreover, based on the plurality of semantic names attributed to the notion of a startup, this article aims to categorize startups according to several typologies. At the end of this work, we propose three major criteria to define the startup: The use of Lean Startup approaches (ALS) or agile methods, the research and validation of Innovation Business Model (IBM) and finally, the provisional character of the organization.

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